简明国际贸易实务(英文版) 相关资料

插图：The CISG is one of the most successful international conventions, due to no small part to its flexibility in allowing Contracting States the option of taking exception to specified articles. This flexibility was instrumental in convincing states with disparate legal traditions to subscribe to an otherwise uniform code. A key point of controversy had to do with whether or not a contract requires a written memorial to be binding. In former Communist countries, contracts were not valid unless written. However in most Western nations oral contracts are accepted. Western nations thus had no objection to signing, and many formerly Communist nations exercised their ability to exclude those articles relating to oral contracts, enabling them to sign as well.（3） The Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary CreditsThe Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits （UCP） is a set of rules on the issuance and use of letters of credit. The UCP is utilized by bankers and commercial parties in more than 175 countries. Some 11% - 15 % of international trade utilizes letters of credit, totaling more than a trillion dollars （US） per annum.Historically, the commercial parties, particularly banks, have developed the techniques and methods for handling letters of credit in international trade finance. This practice has been standardized by the ICC by publishing the UCP in 1933 and subsequently updating it throughout the years. The ICC has developed and molded the UCP by regular revisions, the current version being the UCP 600. The result is the most successful international attempt at unifying rules ever, as the UCP has substantially universal effect.The latest revision of UCP is the sixth revision of the rules since they were first promulgated in 1933. It is the fruit of more than three years of work by the ICC's Commission on Banking Technique and Practice. The latest version,

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