长期以来鲜有学者全面研究上海的教堂建筑，这是一个令众多建筑史学家望而却步的领域，不仅需要建筑史学方面的学识，也需要对上海的基督教教会史有深入的学术基础，需要研究神学和宗教学。周进博士多年来从事上海近代基督教教堂建筑的研究，两年前他完成的博士学位论文的主题是《上海近代教堂建筑的地域性变迁研究》，是一项填补空白的学术成果。现在他又把多年研究的精华提炼、充实为这本图文并茂的读物。希望更多的人能够借此来了解和认识上海城市建筑的一个侧面。
　　郑时龄
　　2014年11月21日
　　preface
　　this book will take you into a world of piety and solemnity – the churches.
　　among all the chinese cities, shanghai is the one to boast the largest number of churches. although the four centuries of church-building since the virgin mary prayer hall in 1609 can’t be reckoned as a long history, the numerous churches have constituted one of the most important architectural types of modern shanghai. a lot of renowned architects from china and abroad have contributed their talent to the design of the churches, leaving a memorable legacy to the city today: there are 18 historic churches now in the 632 heritage protection sites in shanghai.
　　like the churches in europe, the churches in shanghai provide services in religious congregation, education, medicine and charity. however, unlike those in europe, the churches in shanghai don’t command the social ideologies as they are far from the centers of urban activities and secular lives. compared with the other kinds of public buildings in modern shanghai, the churches feature stronger influences of the local characters.
　　the churches of modern shanghai are based on the european prototypes but incorporate various adaptations and developments that lead to a high level of diversity. the european churches, mostly made of bricks in the romanesque stage and of stones in the medieval era, usually have elaborate details. the churches of shanghai, on the other hand, are mostly made in a brick-and-wood mixed structure and apply stones sparingly to key positions and statues, in a way similar to a romanesque church. in a few important cathedrals, highly simplified rose windows with stained glass can be found over the main entrance. the shanghai churches have mainly dropped the european tradition of using frescoes and have done without the catacombs of the european medieval churches. the interior decoration is chiefly in the chinese style. even the faades feature mainly localized designs with added european elements, especially in the churches built in the former concessions and the suburban areas.
　　shanghai church gives a thorough reference of the church architecture of shanghai by recapping the history of shanghai’s church-building, illustrating the development of shanghai’s church architecture, and explaining the reasons for the absence of the latin cross plan – a hallmark of the western churches – in the shanghai churches: the diminished value of the altar, the functional deficiency of the transept, and the considerations of limited land use. as imitation mixed with localization in the church-building of modern shanghai, individual characters are favored over general styles in the shanghai churches; for example, the flying buttresses widely used in the european medieval churches appear in altered or simplified forms in the shanghai churches. meanwhile, shanghai saw the appearance of multi-level churches with the main praying space on the second level to serve multiple functions, which mark a bold breakaway from the european medieval churches. due to the city redevelopment over the decades, some churches were pulled down and replaced by new buildings, and some churches have been rebuilt or renovated; all the past and present sites are included in this book, so that the readers may learn about the development of the christian church in shanghai.
　　over a long period in china, seldom have there been any complete researches on the churches of shanghai, a field that daunts many architectural historians and requires them to be not only proficient in architectural history but also have a solid background in theology and religion to study the christian church in shanghai. dr. zhou jin has been engaged in the studies of the churches of modern shanghai over the years. two years ago, he finished his dissertation a study on the regional changes of the churches of modern shanghai, which has been recognized as filling a gap in relevant researches. now, he presents the results of his explorations over the years in this enlightening book with both texts and pictures. hopefully the book will attract more people to learn and understand the development of the shanghai churches as an important part of the city’s architecture.
　　zheng shiling
　　november 21, 2014

上海教堂建筑地图 作者简介

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