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插图：The first recorded powered, piloted flight took place in 1903 when the Wright Flyer－the Wright brothers' plane－flew a short distance at Kitty hawk fields. Although it was not then known, air transportation was to become extremely important to the development of international tourism, particularly influencing travel patterns. A significant aspect of the development of the airline industry has been a steady reduction in the cost of travel, making this a more competitive form of transport for tourists. This was, in part, a result of improved technology. As aircraft became larger and faster, they could carry more passengers at lower costs. Technical developments also meant that airlines upgraded their fleets making available second-hand aircraft in good condition and at low cost to other airlines including charter carriers.There are approximately 1,200 scheduled airlines in the world with some 300 operating on international routes. These are a variety of different sizes of airline from those carrying less than 10,000 passengers a year to major carriers serving in excess of 80 million passengers a year. Despite the scale of the industry, there remains much opportunity for further development particularly in areas of the world where international leisure travel markets have yet to be created.The air transport industry now caters for 1.5 billion passengers a year, employs approximately 1.7 million people and generates some $ 300 billion in revenue. The industry has consistently grown at a very fast rate over the past 50 years. Indeed, the only time during this period that world air traffic has fallen was in 1991 when a 3 per cent drop resulted from economic recession, the Gulf War and threats of international terrorism directed at commercial aviation. In Europe alone world passenger traffic in terms of passenger-kilometers performed by scheduled airlines of International Civil Aviation Organizati

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