性范畴 内容简介
性范畴是如此富有争议,以致在所有的语法范畴中显得*令人困惑,又*富有魅力。本书收集了200多种语言中的变体,试图归纳出一种普遍的模式,同时也细致地分析了某些特定的语言,以便读者对其中的性范畴,能有深入和具体的理解。 性范畴的差别通常体现在性别上,但是也有一些语言系统通过其他的对立来表现,例如人类和非人类,有生和无生等。在句法上的表现也同样令人惊奇;除了动词和形容词有性的表现之外,还有数量词、附加词和副词也都在一致关系上表现出来。有些语言中,正是一致关系决定了性的数量。同时,这里的研究也触发了一些新的问题:如“杂糅”名词,可以采取两种或两种以上的一致形式。作者将这些形形色色的变异纳入普遍模式,并提示了它们在语言演变中所扮演的角色。
性范畴 目录
List of figures List of tables Preface List of abbreviations 1 InTRODUCTION 1.1 Gender in the languages of world 1.2 General approach and outline of the book 1.3 Presentation of data 2 GENDER ASSIGNMENT Ⅰ:SEMANTIC SYSTEMS 2.1 Strict semantic systems 2.2 Predominantly semantic systems 2.3 The criteria on which semantic systems are based 2.4 Conclusion 3 GENDER ASSIGNMENT Ⅱ:FORMAL SYSTEMS 3.1 Morphological systems 3.2 Phonological systems 3.3 General characteristics of assignment systems 3.4 Conclusion 4 THE PSYCHOLINGUISTIC STATUS OF GENDER ASSIGNMENT 4.1 Borrowings 4.2 Child language acquisition 4.3 Experimental evidence 4.4 Residual meaning of gender 4.5 Diachronic evidence 4.6 Conclusion 5 GENDER AGREEMENT 6 ESTABLISHING THE NUMBER OF GENDERS 7 TARGET GENDERS:SYNCRETISM AND ENFORCED GENDER FORMS 8 HYBRID NOUNDS AND THE AGREEMENT HIERARCHY 9 GENDER RESOLUTION RULES 10 GENERALIZATIONS AND PROSPECTS References Author index Language index Subject index
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