经典原版书库增强现实:原理与实践(英文版) 本书特色
随着真实世界中计算机生成的信息越来越多，增强现实（AR）可以通过不可思议的方式增强人类的感知能力。这个快速发展的领域要求学习者掌握多学科知识，包括计算机视觉、计算机图形学、人机交互等。本书将这些知识有机融合，严谨且准确地展现了当前具影响力的增强现实技术和应用。全书从技术、方法论和用户的角度全面讲解相关知识，实现了理论与实践的平衡，适合开发者、高校师生和研究者阅读。
经典原版书库增强现实:原理与实践(英文版) 内容简介
随着真实世界中计算机生成的信息越来越多，增强现实（AR）可以通过不可思议的方式增强人类的感知能力。这个快速发展的领域要求学习者掌握多学科知识，包括计算机视觉、计算机图形学、人机交互等。本书将这些知识有机融合，严谨且准确地展现了当前具影响力的增强现实技术和应用。全书从技术、方法论和用户的角度全面讲解相关知识，实现了理论与实践的平衡，适合开发者、高校师生和研究者阅读。
经典原版书库增强现实:原理与实践(英文版) 目录
Contents
Contents
1 Introduction to Augmented Reality 1
Definition and Scope 3
A Brief History of Augmented Reality 4
Examples 13
Industry and Construction 13
Maintenance and Training 17
Medical 18
Personal Information Display 20
Navigation 21
Television 22
Advertising and Commerce 25
Games 27
Related Fields 28
Mixed Reality Continuum 28
Virtual Reality 29
Ubiquitous Computing 30
Summary 31
2 Displays 33
Multimodal Displays 34
Audio Displays 34
Haptic, Tactile, and Tangible Displays 35
Olfactory and Gustatory Displays 37
Visual Perception 39
Requirements and Characteristics 40
Method of Augmentation 40
Ocularity and Stereoscopy 42
Focus 45
Occlusion 47
Resolution and Refresh Rate 48
Field of View 50
Viewpoint Offset 51
Brightness and Contrast 53
Distortions and Aberrations 55
Latency 55
Ergonomics 55
Social Acceptance 55
Spatial Display Model 56
Visual Displays 58
Near-Eye Displays 59
Handheld Displays 69
Stationary Displays 72
Projected Displays 78
Summary 84
3 Tracking 85
Tracking, Calibration, and Registration 86
Coordinate Systems 87
Model Transformation 88
View Transformation 88
Projective Transformation 89
Frames of Reference 89
Characteristics of Tracking Technology 90
Physical Phenomena 90
Measurement Principle 91
Measured Geometric Property 91
Sensor Arrangement 91
Signal Sources 92
Degrees of Freedom 92
Measurement Coordinates 92
Spatial Sensor Arrangement 93
Workspace Coverage 94
Measurement Error 94
Temporal Characteristics 95
Stationary Tracking Systems 96
Mechanical Tracking 96
Electromagnetic Tracking 97
Ultrasonic Tracking 98
Mobile Sensors 99
Global Positioning System 99
Wireless Networks 101
Magnetometer 102
Gyroscope 102
Linear Accelerometer 103
Odometer 104
Optical Tracking 105
Model-Based versus Model-Free Tracking 106
Illumination 106
Markers versus Natural Features 109
Target Identification 113
Sensor Fusion 117
Complementary Sensor Fusion 117
Competitive Sensor Fusion 117
Cooperative Sensor Fusion 118
Summary 120
4 Computer Vision for Augmented Reality 121
Marker Tracking 123
Camera Representation 124
Marker Detection 126
Pose Estimation from Homography 128
Pose Refinement 132
Multiple-Camera Infrared Tracking 132
Blob Detection 133
Establishing Point Correspondences 133
Triangulation from Two Cameras 135
Triangulation from More Than Two Cameras 137
Matching Targets Consisting of Spherical Markers 137
Absolute Orientation 137
Natural Feature Tracking by Detection 138
Interest Point Detection 140
Descriptor Creation 144
Descriptor Matching 145
Perspective-n-Point Pose 146
Robust Pose Estimation 148
Incremental Tracking 149
Active Search 150
Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi Tracking 151
Zero-Normalized Cross-Correlation 152
Hierarchical Search 154
Combined Detection and Tracking 155
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping 156
Five-Point Algorithm for Essential Matrix 157
Bundle Adjustment 158
Parallel Tracking and Mapping 159
Relocalization and Loop Closure 160
Dense Mapping 161
Outdoor Tracking 164
Scalable Visual Matching 165
Prior Information from Sensors 167
Prior Information from Geometry 169
Simultaneous Tracking, Mapping, and Localization 170
Summary 176
5 Calibration and Registration 179
Camera Calibration 180
Internal Camera Parameters 180
Correcting Lens Distortion 182
Display Calibration 183
Single Point Active Alignment Method 185
Head-Mounted Display Calibration Using a Pointing Device 186
Hand–Eye Calibration 188
Registration 190
Geometric Measurement Distortions 190
Error Propagation 191
Latency 192
Filtering and Prediction 192
Summary 194
6 Visual Coherence 195
Registration 196
Occlusion 199
Occlusion Refinement 201
Probabilistic Occlusion 202
Model-Free Occlusion 202
Photometric Registration 205
Image-Based Lighting 207
Light Probes 208
Offline Light Capturing 210
Photometric Registration from Static Images 210
Photometric Registration from Specular Reflections 211
Photometric Registration from Diffuse Reflections 212
Photometric Registration f
经典原版书库增强现实:原理与实践(英文版) 作者简介
迪特尔·施马尔斯蒂格（Dieter Schmalstieg） 奥地利格拉茨理工大学教授，计算机图形学和视觉中心主任。他是IEEE高级会员、奥地利科学院会员以及欧洲科学院会员，目前已发表论文300余篇，并担任《IEEE可视化和计算机图形学会刊》等核心期刊或论文集的编辑。2002年获得奥地利科学基金会START Career奖，2012年获得IEEE虚拟现实技术成就奖。
托比亚斯·霍勒尔（Tobias Höllerer） 加州大学圣芭芭拉分校计算机科学系教授，Four Eyes实验室主任。曾获得美国NSF授予的CAREER奖，并于2013年获得ACM杰出科学家称号。他曾担任IEEE VR 2015、ICAT 2013等重要国际会议的程序委员会主席，并多次荣获佳论文奖。
